WELCOME TO MY CHEMISTRY NOTES !
Glossary
Isomers : Same formula, different structure.
| Suffix | Definition |
|---|---|
| -ane | no double bonds (saturated hydrocarbon - all single bonds) |
| -ene | 1 double bond (unsaturated) |
| -ol | have OH |
| -oic acid | organic acid (carboxylic acid) |
| -dienes | 2 double bonds |
| -ynes | 3 single bonds (triple) |
Most abundant dissolved ions in water
| Cations | Anions |
|---|---|
| Ca2+ | HCO3- |
| Mg2+ | Cl- |
| Na+ | SO42- |
| K+ |
polyatomic ions
| Name | formula |
|---|---|
| carbonate | CO32- |
| sulfate | SO42- |
| nitrate | NO3- |
| phosphate | PO43- |
| hydroxide | OH- |
| ammonium | NH4+ |
| ethanoate | CH3COO- |
Flame tests
| Element | Colour |
|---|---|
| Lithium (Li) | Red |
| Sodium(Na) | Strong orange |
| Potassium(K) | Lilac(pink) |
| Rubidium(Rb) | red(red-violet) |
| Cesium(Cs) | blue/violet |
| Calcium(Ca) | orange-red |
| Strontium(Sr) | red |
| Barium(Ba) | pale green |
| Copper(Cu) | blue-green (often with white flashes) |
| Lead(Pb) | gray-white |
Weak & Strong - Acids & Bases
| Strong | Weak | |
|---|---|---|
| Acid | ||
| HCl | H2CO3 | |
| Potassium(K) | Lilac(pink) | |
| Base | ||
| KOH | NH3 | |
| NaOH |